{"product_id":"gancho-legajador-expediente-plastico-20-und","title":"Plastic File Fastener Clip Pack of 20","description":"\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003eIvory Plastic File Fastener Clip, Pack of 20\u003c\/h2\u003eDurable. Will not rust. Will not stain documents. Safe with no sharp edges. Capacity to file 500 sheets. For filing with 7 and 8cm distance between holes.\u003ch3\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTo understand the importance of the file fastener clip, let's review a brief history of archives\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe first archives \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003eIn those times, when the file fastener clip didn't exist, people were very resourceful in ensuring that this knowledge reached us today.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe history of archives and their documentation can be traced back to the appearance of writing, as archaeological excavations in Tell Hariri, Nippur, Ras Shamra, and Egypt have shown the existence of archives in antiquity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThese early archives contained legal documentation, registers, censuses, property titles, soldier records, and private documentation. Ultimately, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003edocumentation was a tool for controlling the population and wealth.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThese first documents were mainly clay tablets on which Babylonians, Sumerians, and Akkadians wrote using cuneiform script. Other times, they wrote on skins, wood, or ivory, and the Egyptians also wrote on papyrus.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGreece\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn Greece and Rome, archives predate libraries, and this is due to the very way culture and the difference between book and document were understood.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eWriting is considered a common good\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, a tool for dissemination. Likewise, writing is linked to the functioning of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003epolitics in states,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e and organized archives are spoken of once \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ethe polis\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e has matured, which in Greece occurred in the 5th century BC. At this time, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003ethe first documentary repositories depended on the various magistracies that were installed in the \"Archeion\", where the headquarters were located.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn the 4th century BC, there was a centralization of public documents in Athens, and the central archive was the \"Metroon\"\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e (dedicated to Rhea\/Cybele). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eIt was an open conservation site\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e for consultations, and one could even obtain \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.panafargo.com\/producto\/resma-reprograf\/\"\u003ecopies\u003c\/a\u003e and reproductions of documents. As temples had a strong sacred character, it is referred to as a place of guarantee and credibility (\"loca credibilia\").\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRome\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn the period between the 7th-5th centuries BC, there were already archives linked to the Republic, thus predating those in Greece.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDuring these times, the mechanisms for producing public documents were defined, consisting of depositing a copy in the archive of the corresponding institution. Unlike Greece, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003ein Rome, there was an extensive network of archives\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, as archives had been formed in parallel with the creation of provinces.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn the 5th century BC, the \"Tabularium\" was created, becoming the most important public archive\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e and linked to the Temple of Saturn (also considered a \"loca credibilia\"). In addition to the network of archives in Rome, various types of archives existed: provincial, municipal, military, religious, and so on.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAs for private archives, they existed in Rome but were a luxury that only wealthy families could afford. These archives were located in a part of the house called the \"Tablinum,\" although the most important documents, such as wills, were still taken to the temple.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eToday, the information we have about these archives is generally indirect but abundant, coming partly from classical authors and partly from archaeological remains.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eHigh Middle Ages. The convergence in bibliographic and documentary conservation practices\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBetween the 7th and 11th centuries, the distinction between the terms archive and library ended. This is because both the production and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003econservation of books were monopolized by the Church\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. Furthermore, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003ethey were established as conservation spaces that lost their functions as active places for using documents and books.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e Therefore, books came to be seen as treasures, as they were highly priced. Documents, for their part, came to signify the guarantee of legal aspects.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCenturies earlier, with the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the distinction between private and public disappeared. Even the state was not considered \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ea public matter or\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e rather the patrimony of rulers. In Justinian's Code (6th century), legislative powers were defined: emperors, kings, or popes could have archives, in addition to the archives of the Germanic kingdoms.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe archive is the place where the king keeps his documents, but also matters related to the State, since the king also conceives it as his own.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e These documents contained his properties, rights, and privileges.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe Church was recognized the right to acquire goods and properties, and therefore, they had documents guaranteeing the possession of these goods. They were like royal archives but had a fundamental difference, which is that those of the Church were \"loca credibilia\" (like ancient temples). Therefore, there were both their own and others' documents there. There is no evidence of the use of file fastener clips or what resources they used to keep the material together as a file fastener clip does.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLate Middle Ages. Innovations and continuities\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBetween the High and Late Middle Ages, archives were more itinerant, as feudal lords did not have a fixed residence due to territorial conquests.\u003c\/span\u003eArchives were managed with strings, serving the same purpose, but it was not comfortable. The file fastener clip makes our lives easier by handling our files.\u003cb\u003eBy the 13th century, chancelleries began to develop mechanisms to control the documents they issued.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eThey created registers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, which were diplomatic codices with documentary content. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis mechanism accelerated the growth of royal archives\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e (14th century), as these now had a fixed, organized, and independent headquarters. There, they preserved registers and other documents related to the Crown.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoyal archives in the Crown of Aragon\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRoyal Archive in Barcelona. Created in 1346 by Peter IV.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRoyal Archive in Valencia. Created in 1419 by Alfonso the Magnanimous.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRoyal Archive of Zaragoza. Created in 1471 by John II and destroyed in 1808.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoyal archives in the Crown of Castile\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRoyal Chancellery of Valladolid. Created in 1371.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRoyal Chancellery of Ciudad Real. Created in 1494 and moved to Granada in 1505.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe monarch's conception that the archive was part of his patrimony continued during this period. It appeared as a place for the safekeeping of documents. What did change, especially towards the end of this era, was the organization:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e the collections were more organized\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e and the administrative task more active. Additionally, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003econsultation of the collections was again allowed\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. However, not all documents were together, the headquarters were fixed but not unique.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eState Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn 1540, Charles I founded the Simancas archive. When his son Philip II succeeded to the throne, he transformed the archive into a state archive.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUpon its creation, Charles I intended it to collect all scattered documentation of interest to the monarch, but with Philip II, the concept of the archive changed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePhilip II wanted to ensure that it functioned correctly, and periodically sent documents to establish a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003erelationship between them and thus guarantee their conservation.\u003c\/b\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe preserved documents are of interest to the crown and also to citizens.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eThe archive is conceived for administrative purposes but also as a memory\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e of historical developments.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe Simancas archive, however, was not open. Copies could be obtained, but direct access to the archive was not permitted, only through the administration.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePrivate Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBetween the 16th and 18th centuries, the new reality in documentary conservation practices led to the birth of private archives as organized entities (an example of this is seen in the fact that citizens began to keep the letters they exchanged).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNoble Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThey appeared in the 16th century, when chivalric nobility transitioned to court nobility, combined with the founding of authoritarian monarchies no longer dependent on the nobility. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003eThey would become the most important quantitatively and qualitatively\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, as in the large noble archives there was already:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe separation between books and documents.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eOrganization by professionals (secretaries and scribes).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNew conceptions of archives, new social demands\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn the 17th-18th centuries, the archive became the place where instruments guaranteeing social order were preserved.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e This led to social concern for the archive.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn the time of Philip V (who reigned between 1700-1724), the Board of Incorporation reviewed properties, and anyone who did not have the documents justifying their possession was incorporated into the royal domain (which were places dependent on the king). Therefore, documents guaranteed rights and properties, and caused many lawsuits; in addition, many false documents were created to justify these possessions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBourgeois State and memory institutions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe establishment of the bourgeois state in the 19th century had two main consequences:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe establishment of large repositories of books and documents for the preservation of a past heritage to which people returned in search of identity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe creation of institutions to train specialists in the conservation of said heritage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAdministrative and Historical Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAlso, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003ethe 19th century would mark the difference between administrative and historical archives\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e. Its origin lies in the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eFrench Revolution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, as a series of concepts such as \"national sovereignty\" and \"rule of law\" emerged during it. These, in turn, established the principles of responsibility, guarantee of efficiency, and justice in the actions of the Administration.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eConsequently, the understanding of archives as a guarantee of citizens' rights would emerge, starting from the Bourgeois State. And thus, European state archives would be created, many of them from royal ones.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNational Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003eWith extensive experience and using the file fastener clip to manage highly organized information\u003cul\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eFrance\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e: the origin of the national archives of France lies in the French Revolution.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eUnited Kingdom\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e: the Public Record Office appeared in 1851.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e \t\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"\u003e\n\n\u003cb\u003eSpain\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e: in 1844, the Simancas Archive ceased to be the administration's archive and became historical. In turn, the Archivo General Central was created as a large archive in 1858 in Alcalá de Henares, and was destroyed in 1939. In 1969, the Archivo General de la Administración was created, again in Alcalá de Henares, thus consolidating the Spanish Archival System; in fact, it regulates the deadlines for transfers.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIn the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e20th century, we can say that we reached the era of archival plenitude\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e: international organizations (CIA) were created, as well as political and judicial bodies aimed at protecting archives. In the 1950s, in fact, a law appeared declaring the destruction of archives and other cultural assets a crime. In our time, the file fastener clip is the fundamental tool.\u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/youtu.be\/sDL4YSfwfP4","brand":"PANAFARGO","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41095964688456,"sku":"40479","price":2960.0,"currency_code":"COP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0584\/3415\/8664\/files\/Gancho-Legajador-Triton-Expediente-Portada.jpg?v=1777774223","url":"https:\/\/panafargo.com\/en\/products\/gancho-legajador-expediente-plastico-20-und","provider":"Panafargo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}